Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of daytime aerobic exercise on the subsequent sleep and appetite of obese women. Materials and Methods: It was a semi-experimental study with pre and post-test design. Fifteen obese women were asked to do aerobic exercises three sessions a week for 2 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min at 60% of maximum heart rate either at 9:00 am or 18:00 pm. A body composition analyzer (InBody-320, South Korea) was used to measure weight, fat percentage, and body mass index (BMI). Nocturnal sleep–wake schedule data and sleep patterns in the two conditions (morning vs. evening) were recorded at 1-min intervals and scored with the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis 8 software. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results (age, 46.9 ± 5.2 years; BMI, 33.6 ± 3.2 kg/m²; and percentage of body fat ≥35%) showed that sleep efficiency, wake bouts, actual sleep, and sleep latency were improved after exercise training (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, morning exercise condition resulted in a better improvement in sleep efficiency (73.41% ± 6.94%), wake bouts (15.81% ± 3.30%), and sleep latency (79.47% ± 6.09%) compared to that of evening exercise (P ≤ 0.05). It was also reported that the perceived satiety was not significantly different in the two conditions (P = 0.94 and P = 0.076, respectively, for morning and evening), while the perceived hungry was improved significantly in the morning condition (P = 0.003). Conclusion: As a result, aerobic exercises at the time of the morning can lead to a better quality of sleep and decline in hungry of obese women compared to the evening exercise.

Context: Patients with diabetes face various physical and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, disability, low mobility and obesity leading eventually to decrease quality of life. As a result, life quality is so important about diabetes and its treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on quality of life in patients with diabetes. Subjects and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up and control group design. The population of the research were included all patients with type II diabetes who were referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Ganjavian Hospital. The sample volume included 40 subjects and an available sampling method was applied. Moreover, the substitution between control group and experimental group was randomly implemented. To collect the data, diabetes quality of life questionnaire was used. The intervention group has been received therapeutic sessions, and the control group was in waiting list. Data were collected through questionnaire of quality of life. Results: The results of the covariance analysis showed that cognitive therapy improved the quality of life in the experimental group in the posttest and follow-up stage (P < 0.05). Cognitive therapy training can be effective in improving the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In order to findings, it can be concluded that the presentation of cognitive therapy beside other medical interventions is as a part of comprehensive treatment and care of diabetes.

Aim: Epilepsy is increasingly developed worldwide, considered as one of the most important healthcare problems in the second half of 12^th century. Methodology: This study is a quantitative-qualitative/cross sectional-practical method research. The conceptual model was derived from comparative studies of the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, Canada and the relevant experts' perspectives. The study population consisted of all professionals related to the healthcare management of epilepsy in all geographical regions of Iran. The obtained data were analyzed using software SPSS 16 and AMOS. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were also performed, and the final model was obtained and its fitness was confirmed. Results: Nine factors were entirely identified for the final model of healthcare management of epileptic patients: Organizational structure of the leading policy, makers, methods of governmental interventions in financing resources, types of services necessary to provide patients, instances of epilepsy, monitoring, and controlling epilepsy healthcare services among which methods of governmental interventions in financing resources and monitoring and controlling epilepsy healthcare services had the minimum and maximum factor load value, respectively. Conclusion: As it can be observed from the study data, training and raising the public awareness toward epilepsy in the country is an essential tool to prevent these types of diseases, as identifying the initial main risks aiming at prohibition of epidemic diseases and also proper healthcare services in case of development are the most important initiations to be taken.

Aim: Lean is a set of operating philosophies and methods that help create maximum value for patients by reducing waste and waits. It emphasizes the consideration of the customer's needs, employee involvement, and continuous improvement. The aim of this study was of factors affecting lean management in public hospitals in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Bushehr provinces. Materials and Methods: This research was descriptive correlation study. The questionnaire was used to collect the data. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to understand the relationship between these factors and lean implementation success. With using 60 questions questionnaire, the content validity of the method developed by the researchers and expert judgment and Cronbach's alpha and test–retest reliability of the method was investigated, and the opinions of 500 primary health-care practitioners were collected. Then, a two-stage exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with the use of statistical software SPSS for Window 17.0 software (SPSS Inc., lllinois, USA) (Leland Stanford Junior University) and AMOS 20 carried out to review and modify the conceptual model. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors of human, technology, management, processes, and relational that explains 58.5% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that among identified factors, technology factor with 0.953 coefficient has greatest impact and management factor with 0.615 coefficient has the lowest impact on the pattern of lean management in public hospitals to improve the quality of services. Conclusions: The factors affecting the deployment of lean management in public hospitals and appropriate strategy for using the lean management to improve the delivery of primary health care and reduce waste. The results represent guidelines for using effective implementation of lean management to increase efficiency and ability to compete in the global market offers.

Context: The previous studies have shown the commitment of most crimes and offensive behaviors are the root of psychological disorders. Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness integrated group therapy in increasing the male prisoners' self-esteem of central prison of Mashhad. Settings and Design: Statistical population included all the male prisoners of the central prison of Mashhad who were addicted to drugs. A sample from these prisoners was selected randomly and was assigned in experimental and control groups (12 participants in each group). Subjects and Methods: The research method of this study was semi-experimental with pretest/posttest/follow-up and control group design. Weekly group sessions were holding which last for 2 h during 1½ months. For gathering the data demographic and Coopersmith's self-esteem questionnaire were used. Statistical Analysis Used: For analyzing the data, ANCOVA test was used. Results: Findings show that those who had received the intervention expressed high level of self-esteem to those who had not received it (control group participants). Conclusions: It could be concluded that the group therapy by the integrated approach has effective influence on increasing the male prisoner's self-esteem of central prison of Mashhad.

Aims: The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of the successful intelligence program on the learning behaviors and academic performance of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Settings and Design: The quasi-experimental research method was used with a pretest-posttest and control group design. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the research was included all of the sixth graders of Tehran City in the 2016–2017 academic year. Hence, of the 101 elementary schools in District 15 of Tehran Municipality, eight schools were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Afterward, all of the students of the eight selected schools were questioned using Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, which resulted in the diagnosis of 45 students with ADHD. Fifteen students were randomly put in the experimental group, and 15 were randomly put in the control group. The learning behavior scale was also used to collect the data. Afterward, the successful intelligence program was administered on the experimental group throughout six sessions. The control group was also on the waiting list. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance analysis test was used. Results: The investigation results revealed that training in the successful intelligence program was effective in improving the learning behaviors of the trained students. Conclusions: Considering the research findings it could be stated that training in the successful intelligence program is effective in improving the learning behaviors of students suffering from ADHD. Hence, school counselors are recommended to administer this program.

Aims: Today, the prevalence of mental disorders is increasing. In Iran, more than 20% of people suffer from mental problems too. Despite all scientific developments in diagnosis and treatment of the mentally ill patients, presenting psychotherapy service is still facing some problems because of the negative attitudes which require more investigation. The current research aims to study the attitudes of Kashan city population about the mentally ill and the contributing factors. Materials And Methods: In this study, the samples were chosen randomly at two levels among health posts and their covered population in Kashan city (364 samples). Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill questionnaire was used for data collecting. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests. Findings: Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward the mentally ill (with the mean of 3.66 from 5 score and standard deviation of 0.37). Attitude of women and higher-educated people were, respectively, better than men (PV < 0.01) and lower-educated people (PV < 0.01). There was no meaningful difference between attitude toward the mentally ill and employment, and there was no meaningful correlation between the attitude score and age either. Conclusion: The results confirm the role of education on the positive attitude of people toward the mentally ill. The positive attitude can show the appropriate awareness of people on these lines.

Aims: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercises on inflammatory markers of cardiovascular (homocysteine, C-reactive protein [CRP], and fibrinogen) in obese women. Materials and Methods: It was a semi-experimental with pre- and posttest design. Thirty-seven obese women volunteered to participate in the research, of which 28 had inclusive criteria for research. The age of participants ranged from 35 to 40 years and their body fat percentage was above 30%. The exercise protocol included a combination of resistance, stretching, and balance exercises that were carried out three sessions a week for 10 weeks. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test and independent test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results suggested that homocysteine, CRP, and fibrinogen indices of obese women were significantly improved following combined aquatic exercises (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease in body fat percentage with improvement of cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were found in experimental group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The overall result was that combined aquatic exercises would not only attenuate cardiovascular risk factors such as homocysteine, fibrinogen, and CRP but also improve the other cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, cholesterol, and blood pressure.

Background: Safety, health, environment is one of the most important issues of human societies in the current and future. Prioritization is one of the important issues affecting the prevention of diseases and occupational accidents and environmental hazards; therefore, the aim of this study, prioritize current programs and regulations entrust to occupational health experts. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of the descriptive type that was conducted on 151 occupational health experts of Kashan City in 2017. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that made by the researcher. Data analysis was conducted with (SPSS 16) and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between items in the executive and supervisory sectors and the highest priorities are based on the mean and standard deviation of the scores assigned by occupational health experts: controlling mechanical factors and ergonomics within the context of occupational health controls in the executive sector. Priorities are based on the average and standard deviation of total scores allocated by occupational health experts: the most important priorities are safety in the protection of machines shield and fire safety, chemical safety, and electrical safety. Conclusion: The most important priority for all those present in the research, safety in the protection machine gears shield (transmission parts for gear belt buckles, etc.) should be considered as an important priority for officials and observers of the executive and supervisory sectors, and to maintain and to enhance safety at the workplace machine safeguarding is very important.